PC (Personal Cmputer)

01. unit of input or Input defice as a medium for entering data from the outside in a memory and processor to be processed to produce the required information. Input devices or input units are commonly used personal computers (PCs) is a keyboard and mouse, keyboard and mouse is a unit that connects the user (users) with a computer.In addition there is the joystick, which is used for playing games or games with the computer. Then the scanner, to take pictures as digital images that can later be manipulated. Touch panel, using a finger touch user can perform a file access process. Microphone, to record the sound into the computer. Serves as a media input device to input data from external systems into a memory and processor to be processed and produce the necessary information. Data entered into the computer system to form an input signal and maintenance inputs.Signal input form data entered into the computer system, while maintenance input shaped the program used to process the data entered. So in addition to input devices used to input data can also be used to enter the program. Based on its nature, the input devices can be classified into two namely: • peratalan direct input, the input is entered directly processed by the processing equipment. For example: keyboard, mouse, touch screen, light pen, digitizer graphics tablet, scanner. a. Keyboard The keyboard is the most important input unit in a data processing by computer. The keyboard can function enter letters, numbers, special characters and as a medium for the user (users) to perform other commands are needed, such as saving files and opening files. Creation of a computer keyboard comes from the typewriter model created and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868, and in 1887 the company produced and marketed by Remington.Digunakanan current keyboard is a QWERTY type, in 1973, the keyboard is inaugurated as the standard keyboard ISO (International Standards Organization). Number of keys on the keyboard this time amounted to 104 keys. Keyboard now that we know has some kind of port, ie serial port, ps2, usb and wireless.
Keyboard Types: 1.) QWERTY 2.) Dvorak 3.) KLOCKENBERG The keyboard is usually used is a QWERTY style keyboard, which is shaped like keys on a typewriter. QWERTY keyboard has four parts: 1. typewriter key 2. numeric key 3. function key 4. special function keys. 1. Typewriter Key This button is the primary key in the input. This button is similar to keys on a typewriter which consists of the alphabet and other buttons as follows: • Back Space This button serves to delete one character to the left of cursor • Caps Lock When this button is pressed, then the caps lock indicator lamp is lit, it indicates that the typed letters will be uppercase or Kapital, when the caps lock indicator lights die, then the letter will be small. • Delete This button serves to erase 1 character at the cursor position • Esc This button serves to cancel an order from a menu. • End This button serves to move the cursor to the end of the line / page / sheet • Enter This button serves to switch to a new line or to perform a command process. • Home To go to the start of the line or to the left corner of the screen • Insert This button serves to insert the character. • Page Up This button serves to meggerakan 1 screen cursor to the top • Page Down This button serves to Move the cursor one screen down • Tab This button serves to move the cursor one tab to the right. 2. Numeric Key This button is located to the right of the keyboard. It consists of number keys and arrow keys. If the num lock indicator lamp lights up then this button to function as numbers. If the indicator light off the num lock button serves as an arrow key. 3. Function Key This button is located on the top line, this function key is made up of F1 s / d F12. The function of this key varies from computer programs used. 4. Special Function Key This button consists of the Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. The buttons have a function when pressed simultaneously with another key. For example, to block simultaneously pressing the shift key and arrow keys, to move the cursor simultaneously pressing ctrl and arrow keys. b. Mouse Mouse is one unit of input (input device). The function of this tool is to move the pointer or cursor quickly. Also, it can as a practical command and faster than with a keyboard. Mouse began to use the most since the operating system has been based GUI (Graphical User Interface). electrical signals as a mouse input device is generated by a small ball inside the mouse, in accordance with the shifts or movement. Most of the mouse consists of three buttons, typically only two buttons are used, namely the left and right buttons. When this mouse is also equipped with rollers button (scroll), where the location of this button located in the middle. The term suppression is called by clicking the left button (Click) where the emphasis is going to function when the mouse is at a designated object, but if not in a designated object of this emphasis will be ignored. In addition there is also another term called the move (drag) that is pressing the left mouse button without releasing it with while being moved.This drag will cause the object will be moved or copied to another object and other possibilities. The emphasis of the left mouse button twice quickly and regularly called on double click (double click) while pressing the right mouse button once called the right-click (right click) Mouse consists of several ports of serial mouse, mouse ps / 2, usb and wireless .
Figure 2.12 Wireless Mouse c. Touchpad These enter the unit can usually be found on laptops and notebooks, by using the touch of a finger. Usually, this unit can be used instead of a mouse. In addition to the touchpad is a kind of model units that enter the pointing stick and trackpad.
Touch Pad Pointing Stick Ball Track d. Light Pen Light pen is an electronic pointer is used to modify and to design an image with a screen (monitor). Light pen has a sensor that can transmit light signals to a computer which is then recorded, which monitors work by recording six electronic signals of each line per second.
Picture Light Pen e. Paddle Joy stick and Games It is usually used in the game (games) computer. Joy Stick usually rod-shaped, while the games are usually paddle-shaped or square box made of plastic are equipped with buttons that will govern the motion of an object in a computer.
Figure Joy Stick and Paddle Games f. Barcode Barcode included in the input unit (input device). The function of this tool is to read a code shaped boxes or thick vertical lines are then translated in the form of numbers. These codes are usually attached to food products, beverages, electronic equipment and books. Today, every cashier in a supermarket or supermarket in Indonesia to identify the products it sells with a barcode. Image Barcode Reader Barcode Images g. Scanners Scanner is a device that can function to copy or copy images or text which is then stored into computer memory. From next computer memory, stored in the hard disk or floppy disk. This scanner functions like copy machines, photocopiers difference is that the result can be seen on paper while the scanner results can be displayed through the monitor in advance so we can make repairs or modifications and then can be restored either in the form of text files and image files. In addition there is also an image scanner to scan commonly used to detect the computer answer sheet. Scanner which is used to scan the computer answer sheet is SCAN IR used to LJK (Computer Answer Sheet) in general tests and the National Examination. Scan type consists of light called optical sensors, which can recognize the type 2B pencil. Scanner on the market is a scanner to copy a picture or photo and usually also equipped with OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to copy or copy objects in the form of text.
Image Scanner When this has been developed scanner technology with DMR (Digital Mark Reader), with a work system similar to the scanner to the computer answer sheet correction, biographical data and forms such as forms for school choice. With the DMR is not the answer sheets must be answered uses pencils 2 B, but can use other stationery such as pens and markers, and can use plain paper.
2. Processor Well, this is the Brain (brain) computer. The processor functions to process all the calculations that must be done by computer.Measured by the frequency of processing power, such as 550 MHz (Mega Hertz) to the current existing reached 1.4 GHz (Giga Hertz). The computer is turned on, then the processor will work, and quickly rising temperature. Therefore each processor are now equipped with a hot iron dealer (heat sink) and a cooling fan.Currently, a widely used processor is Intel, AMD and IBM. Intel 4004
Intel Core 2 Processor
See the image processor socket for AMD



3. Device output Hardware for the output consists of the tools that work to translate the information processed by computer into a form that can be understood by humans, such as printed text, sound, images, or video. Now the sound card, video card installed on the motherboard then install the monitor, speakers and printer. What is peripheral devices? Is a component that serves to add computer capabilities, both for input, output, and storage. Denagn other words, perankat peripherals is not a major component. Peripheral devices can be installed on the computer or linked from outside, such as printers and disk drives. • Video Cards We definitely want a monitor can display color images, not just black and white. For that, the case requires additional tools, namely the video card (video card). Video card or video card serves to alter the output of the processor information into the form of signals sent via cable to the monitor. Our video card installed in one expansion slot motherboard. At the time of purchasing the motherboard usually has installed video card (built-in) if you want better video quality, it can add a video card.
Video Card (Video Card) • Sound Card Sound Card (Sound Card) works to improve the capabilities of computers in terms of sound by sending it to the speaker as an output. The sound card is installed on the motherboard expansion slots. With the CD drive is connected to the card, we too can hear music from a CD.
Sound Card (Sound Card) • Monitor Monitor is a tool that is able to take the electrical signal from the video card and turn in the form of an image using dots of colored light that appear. Furthermore, after the case is closed, the monitor can be connected by cable to the computer rear bmelalui special connector that is very easy to recognize. The power cord for the monitor can be mounted on a separate socket.
Monitor • Pair of Speakers Speaker is a tool to listen to the voice of the electrical signal sent by the sound card. No need to buy speakers that well, unless we cultivate the field recording that requires a very good sound quality.Two speakers are connected with a cable mounted on the back of the computer after installation is completed.
Speaker • Printer The printer is a device that can print text and images on paper. The printer has two connections. First, the computer installed in the back and serves to receive signals from the computer. The connection is linked also to motherboard.kedua listrikyang cable mounted on a separate socket.
Printer 4. Memory

RAM memory modules In this system, memory is a sequence of bytes that are numbered (like "cell" or "pigeon holes"), each containing a small piece of information. This information may be a command to tell the computer what to do. Cell may contain data needed computer to perform a command. Each slot may contain one, and what is now the data may then be a command. The memory stores various forms of information as binary numbers. The information will be solved without form binary (encoded) with a number of instructions that convert it into a sequence of numbers or figures. For example: The letter F is stored as a decimal number 70 (or binary digits) using one method of solving. More complex instructions can be used to store images, sound, video, and various kinds of information. The information can be stored in a sell is called a byte. In general, memory can be rewritten over a million times - the memory can be likened to a blackboard and chalk that can be written and erased again, rather than a legal pad with a pen that can not be deleted. The size of each cell, and the number of cells, a great change from computer to computer, and technology in the manufacture of memory has changed greatly - from electromechanical relays, to a tube filled with mercury (and later spring) in which the acoustic pulse is formed, until the matrix of permanent magnets, to individual transistors, to integrated circuits with millions of transistors on a single silicon chip. Memory also known as RAM (Random Access Memory). The point is for temporary data storage when used by the processor. If a system failure, then the data in RAM will be lost. RAM data read speed is faster when compared to hard drive